Sebaceous carcinoma most commonly develops in older adults, particularly those over 80. However, younger adults and even children can occasionally develop this condition. The cancer typically affects the eyelids (periocular SC) or the head and neck region but can also appear on other parts of the body containing sebaceous glands, including the chest, back, abdomen, and genitals. Due to its aggressive nature, SC can spread rapidly to nearby lymph nodes and distant organs.

While the exact causes of SC remain under research, the following risk factors increase susceptibility:

• Ultraviolet (UV) radiation exposure: Prolonged sun exposure can contribute to skin mutations leading to SC.

• Immunosuppression: Individuals with weakened immune systems, such as organ transplant recipients or those with autoimmune conditions, are at higher risk.

• Prior radiation treatment: People who have received radiation therapy to the head or neck have an increased likelihood of developing SC.

• Muir-Torre Syndrome (MTS): A rare genetic condition associated with sebaceous carcinoma and other cancers.

Early detection of SC is crucial for successful treatment. Common symptoms include:

• Eyelid Growths: Firm, painless, round bumps or thickening of the eyelid skin, sometimes misdiagnosed as benign conditions like chalazions or styes.

• Recurring Lesions: Sores that scab, bleed, or return after healing, often appearing yellow, orange, or red.

• Eyelash Loss and Vision Issues: Advanced periocular SC can lead to eyelash loss, eye discharge, or symptoms resembling conjunctivitis (pink eye).

• Body Lesions: Unusual pink or yellow bumps on the ear canal, breasts, chest, back, abdomen, or genitals that grow gradually.