Understanding Pediatric Non-Melanoma Skin Cancers: A Guide for Patients

Non-melanoma skin cancers (NMSC) in children are rare, with basal cell carcinoma (BCC) and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) being the most common types. They arise in the top skin layers and can present as pearly bumps (BCC) or rough, scaly patches (SCC). Risk factors include genetic syndromes (such as Gorlin syndrome, xeroderma pigmentosum, and albinism), immunosuppression (e.g., organ transplant recipients), and extensive sun exposure. Diagnosis is made with a skin exam and often a biopsy, with genetic testing considered when syndromes are suspected. Treatment usually involves surgical excision or Mohs micrographic surgery, with other topical or systemic therapies used selectively. Regular follow-up is important to catch recurrences early. Preventive care—such as sunscreen, protective clothing, and sun-safe habits—is essential to reduce further risk. With early recognition and multidisciplinary care, outcomes for pediatric NMSC are generally very good.

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