Understanding Non-Melanoma Skin Cancer (NMSC) in Skin of Color: A Guide for Patients

Non-melanoma skin cancer (NMSC) in skin of color includes basal cell carcinoma (BCC), squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), and rarer tumors like sebaceous and adnexal carcinomas, extramammary Paget’s disease (EMPD), dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans (DFSP), and atypical fibroxanthoma (AFX). Because melanin can mask early changes, these cancers may appear in less typical sites (e.g., legs, soles, scars) and can look more pigmented, making recognition harder and diagnosis later. Key risks include cumulative UV exposure, chronic inflammation or scarring, prior radiation, certain genetic conditions, and immunosuppression. Diagnosis relies on a dermatologist’s exam and biopsy (sometimes with genetic work-up), and treatment is usually surgical (excision or Mohs), with adjuvant options as needed. Watch for sores that don’t heal, new or changing growths—especially in scars or on the feet—and schedule regular skin checks; early detection greatly improves outcomes. Sun protection (SPF 30+, protective clothing, shade) remains essential for prevention and to reduce future risk.

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