Understanding Extramammary Paget's Disease: A Guide for Patients

Extramammary Paget’s Disease (EMPD) is a rare skin cancer that usually develops in areas rich in apocrine glands, most often the genital and anal regions (particularly the vulva in women). It typically appears as persistent, red, scaly, and itchy patches that are often mistaken for eczema or dermatitis. EMPD may be slow-growing but, in some cases, is linked to underlying cancers in nearby tissues or organs.

The exact cause is unknown, but risk factors include age over 50, female sex, chronic irritation, and a history of other cancers or skin conditions. Diagnosis requires a biopsy, as EMPD can closely resemble other skin conditions. Once diagnosed, doctors may order further tests to rule out internal cancers.

Treatment usually involves surgery, either wide local excision or Mohs micrographic surgery for tissue-sparing removal. Non-surgical options—such as topical creams, radiation, or photodynamic therapy—may be used if surgery isn’t possible. Long-term follow-up is important, as recurrence is common.

Good skin care, regular self-checks of affected areas, and prompt reporting of any persistent skin changes are important for early detection and management. Maintaining overall skin health and practicing prevention can improve outcomes and quality of life.

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