Understanding Atypical Fibroxanthoma: A Guide for Patients

Atypical fibroxanthoma (AFX) is a very rare skin cancer that usually appears on sun-exposed areas like the head and neck, especially in older men. It often looks like a pink or red lump and can sometimes be mistaken for other skin cancers such as squamous cell carcinoma. AFX usually grows slowly but can sometimes spread deeper or affect nearby nerves. Risk factors include chronic sun exposure, older age, prior radiation, and rare inherited conditions like xeroderma pigmentosum.

Diagnosis is confirmed by biopsy, as AFX can resemble other tumors under the microscope. The main treatment is surgery, either wide local excision or Mohs surgery, to completely remove the tumor. Prognosis is generally good, as AFX rarely spreads, but careful follow-up is important. Preventive care, including sun protection, routine skin checks, and early detection of new growths, can help reduce risks.

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