The Relationship Between Squamous Cell Carcinoma and Human Papillomavirus (HPV)

While ultraviolet (UV) radiation remains the primary risk factor for squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), research suggests human papillomavirus (HPV) may also play a role, especially in people with weakened immune systems. Cutaneous HPV types are usually harmless in healthy individuals, but in immunosuppressed populations—such as organ transplant recipients—they may persist and contribute to cancer development. HPV DNA has been found in a significant number of SCC lesions in these groups, highlighting a possible link. Current HPV vaccines target high-risk mucosal types (HPV 16 and 18) for cervical and related cancers, but future vaccines that also cover cutaneous HPV strains could help reduce SCC risk in vulnerable populations.

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