Potential Side Effects of Radiation Therapy for Nonmelanoma Skin Cancers

Radiation therapy uses high-energy beams to destroy cancer cells and may be chosen when surgery is not possible, as an add-on after surgery, or for difficult locations such as the head and neck. Side effects can appear during treatment or months to years later and vary by the area treated. A common issue is radiation dermatitis with pain, redness, swelling, burning, itching, ulcers, infections, and color changes. Other potential effects include fatigue, salivary gland problems, eye or hearing changes, hair loss, and rare bone exposure or damage; longer courses can increase risk, and prior radiation may raise the chance of new skin cancers in the field. Gentle skin care, early reporting of symptoms, and occasional treatment pauses can help, and patients should review risks and benefits with their care team to decide if radiation is the right fit.

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