Chemical Peels for the Prevention and Treatment of NMSC: An Overview for Patients

Chemical peels use a chemical solution to remove damaged outer layers of skin, promoting the growth of healthier skin. They are particularly effective for treating actinic keratoses (AK), which can develop into squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). By removing precancerous cells, chemical peels help prevent progression to cancer. Types include superficial peels (gentle exfoliation with mild acids), medium peels (trichloroacetic acid for deeper precancerous lesions), and deep peels (phenol for severe damage). Studies show that chemical peels, especially with trichloroacetic acid, can reduce AKs by up to 75% at 12 months and may lower the risk of future skin cancers compared with other methods. Side effects include redness, swelling, pigmentation changes, and scarring, though risks are generally low when performed by professionals. Chemical peels are best for precancerous and superficial lesions, while invasive cancers still require surgery or radiation.

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